Prevalence of preterm labor in Almukalla MCH Hospital, Hadhramout, Yemen

Prelerm labor remains a major obstetric problem because of the high incidence of neonatal mortality or long term handicapped associated with it. Analyzing preterm labor can help to identify factors which lead to preterm labor and help to prevent it. To find out the incidence of preferm labor [PTL] in Almukalla MCH hospital .Yemen to find out the relation of maternal age, parity, gestational age, sex, etiological factors and mode of deliveries to preterm labor, and to assess the main maternal risk factors associated with preterm labor. It is an observational analytical retrospective study done in the period from January l[st] 2007- December 3l[st] 2007. Questionnaire was performed to document the details of labor. Data entry and analysis was done by using SPSSv11 software computer program. There were 175 patients with PTL out of 4415 deliveries in 2007, including 9 twin pregnancies and one triple pregnancy. The incidence of PTL was [4.21%]. There were only 35 mothers under the age of twenty [19.9%], between twenty one to thirty years there were 94 cases [53.7%], and between thirty one to forty five years or more, there were 46 cases [26.4%]. 58 cases were primigravidae [33.1%] and 117 multigravidae [66.9%]. Sixty one cases of these PTL had gestational age of less than 28 weeks [34.8%], between 29-32 week there were 42 cases [24%] and between 33-36 week there were 72 cases [41.2%].Caesar-ean section [CS] was done for 34 cases [19.4%], and the remaining 141 [80.6%] cases were delivered vaginally. The most common cause of CS was placenta pre via centralis. The cause of PTL was unknown in most of the cases 77 cases [44%]. Male babies were 79 [42.47%], and female babies were 107 [57.53%]131 cases [70.43%] of neoborn babies have body weight under 2 kg, and 55 case [29.57%] had body weight more than 2 kg. The rale-of preterm labor in Almukalla MCH hospital is 4.21%. The highest rate was among multigravida with the age between 21-30 years. The most common gestational age of preterm labor was 33-36 weeks. The cause of preterm labor was unknown in; 77 cases [44%]. Most of the cases were delivered vaginally except 34 [19.4%] cases who underwent CS. Placenta previa centralis is the most common cause of CS

clinical significance of luteal support therapy in the stimulate cycle following the transfer of superovulated embryos

Ovulation induction by gonadotropin in in-vitro fertilization [IVF] program results in luteal phase defect [LPD]. Luteal support therapies are considered to be important treatment to support the implantation of transferred superovulated and IVF embryos. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect luteal support protocols [LSP] on embryo implantation of 2-cell, 4-cell, and 8-cell and morulae following superovulation and embryo transfer as an animal model for human embryo transfer. Mature healthy hamsters were superovulated by human menopausal gonadotropin [hMG] and human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG]. Embryo transfer was performed on day 6 of the cycle. The LSP consisted of 0.04 mg progesterone [P]/day, injected intramuscularly [LM, protocol one] and 0.04 mg P plus 2.5 international units [I. U.] hCG/72 hours [Protocol two] and 0.04 mg P plus 2.5 IV plus 0.20 mg/ day intraperitoneal injection of aspirin. All the luteal support protocols started from day 5 to day 16 of the cycle. The animals were divided in to a control and treated groups. The control and treated groups were subdivided into subgroups according to embryo developmental stages [2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell and morulae]. Superovulation [SO] caused a significant [P<0.01] increase in the number of morphologically abnormal embryos compared to the control group. The implantation rates of the SO embryos were significantly [P<0.05] decreased compared to the control group. The implantation rates of the 8-cell and morula embryos of the SO group were significantly higher than the 1-cell and 2-cell embryos in protocol's one, two and three. Significantly higher implantation rates of all the embryo stages were observed in protocol three compared to protocols two and one. It was concluded from the results of the study that SO markedly affected luteal function of the corpus luteum and reduced embryo implantation. Luteal support protocols particularly supplementation of progesterone with HCG and aspirin resulted in significant improvements in the implantation of 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell and morula embryos